Why Convert Cooking Temperatures?
Understanding temperature conversions is essential for international recipes
Many recipes from around the world use different temperature scales. American recipes typically use Fahrenheit (°F), while recipes from Europe, Australia, and most other countries use Celsius (°C).
Converting between these temperature scales ensures your dishes cook properly, whether you're following a recipe from abroad or adapting your own recipes for international audiences.
Common Cooking Temperature Conversions
Baking Temperatures
- 325°F = 160°C (Slow/Low oven)
- 350°F = 180°C (Moderate oven)
- 375°F = 190°C (Moderate-hot oven)
- 400°F = 200°C (Hot oven)
- 425°F = 220°C (Hot oven)
- 450°F = 230°C (Very hot oven)
- 475°F = 245°C (Very hot oven)
- 500°F = 260°C (Extremely hot oven)
Other Important Temperatures
- 32°F = 0°C (Freezing point of water)
- 212°F = 100°C (Boiling point of water)
- 140°F = 60°C (Minimum safe temperature for most foods)
- 165°F = 74°C (Safe temperature for poultry)
- Medium-rare steak: 135°F = 57°C
- Medium steak: 145°F = 63°C
- Deep frying: 350-375°F = 175-190°C
Temperature Conversion Tips
- Oven Dial Settings: Many ovens have temperature markings in both °F and °C, making it easy to set the correct temperature without conversion.
- Gas Mark Equivalents: Some recipes (especially British) use Gas Mark settings. Gas Mark 4 is approximately 350°F or 180°C.
- Precision Matters: For baking, try to be as precise as possible with temperature settings, as even small variations can affect results.
- Oven Calibration: Consider using an oven thermometer to verify your oven's actual temperature, as many ovens can be off by 25°F (14°C) or more.
- Fan/Convection Adjustment: If using a fan-assisted (convection) oven, reduce the temperature by about 25°F (15°C) from what the recipe states for conventional ovens.
Temperature Conversion Formulas
Fahrenheit to Celsius
°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
Example: To convert 350°F to Celsius:
(350 - 32) × 5/9 = 318 × 5/9 = 176.7°C
Rounded to 180°C for cooking purposes
Celsius to Fahrenheit
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Example: To convert 200°C to Fahrenheit:
(200 × 9/5) + 32 = 360 + 32 = 392°F
Rounded to 400°F for cooking purposes